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Estimating the Contributions of Rare and Common Genetic Variations and Clinical Measures to a Model Trait: Adiponectin
Author(s) -
An S. Sandy,
Palmer Nicholette D.,
Hanley Anthony J. G.,
Ziegler Julie T.,
Brown W. Mark,
Haffner Steven M.,
Norris Jill M.,
Rotter Jerome I.,
Guo Xiuqing,
Chen Y.D. Ida,
Wagenknecht Lynne E.,
Langefeld Carl D.,
Bowden Donald W.
Publication year - 2013
Publication title -
genetic epidemiology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.301
H-Index - 98
eISSN - 1098-2272
pISSN - 0741-0395
DOI - 10.1002/gepi.21685
Subject(s) - adiponectin , genetic variation , genetic architecture , allele , quantitative trait locus , biology , genetics , allele frequency , genome wide association study , trait , explained variation , insulin resistance , medicine , diabetes mellitus , endocrinology , genotype , gene , single nucleotide polymorphism , machine learning , computer science , programming language
Common genetic variation frequently accounts for only a modest amount of interindividual variation in quantitative traits and complex disease susceptibility. Circulating adiponectin, an adipocytokine implicated in metabolic disease, is a model for assessing the contribution of genetic and clinical factors to quantitative trait variation. The adiponectin locus, ADIPOQ , is the primary source of genetically mediated variation in plasma adiponectin levels. This study sought to define the genetic architecture of ADIPOQ in the comprehensively phenotyped Hispanic ( n = 1,151) and A frican A merican ( n = 574) participants from the Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Family Study ( IRASFS ). Through resequencing and bioinformatic analysis, rare/low frequency (<5% MAF ) and common variants (>5% MAF ) in ADIPOQ were identified. Genetic variants and clinical variables were assessed for association with adiponectin levels and contribution to adiponectin variance in the H ispanic and A frican American cohorts. Clinical traits accounted for the greatest proportion of variance ( POV ) at 31% ( P = 1.16 × 10− 47 ) and 47% ( P = 5.82 × 10− 20 ), respectively. Rare/low frequency variants contributed more than common variants to variance in H ispanics: POV = 18% ( P = 6.40 × 10− 15 ) and POV = 5% ( P = 0.19), respectively. In A frican A mericans, rare/low frequency and common variants both contributed approximately equally to variance: POV = 6% ( P = 5.44 × 10− 12 ) and POV = 9% ( P = 1.44 × 10− 10 ), respectively. Importantly, single low frequency alleles in each ethnic group were as important as, or more important than, common variants in explaining variation in adiponectin. Cumulatively, these clinical and ethnicity‐specific genetic contributors explained half or more of the variance in H ispanic and A frican A mericans and provide new insight into the sources of variation for this important adipocytokine.