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A logistic regression extension of the transmission disequilibrium test for continuous traits: Application to linkage disequilibrium between alcoholism and the candidate genes DRD2 and ADH3
Author(s) -
Waldman Irwin D.,
Robinson Byron F.,
Rhee Soo Hyun
Publication year - 1999
Publication title -
genetic epidemiology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.301
H-Index - 98
eISSN - 1098-2272
pISSN - 0741-0395
DOI - 10.1002/gepi.1370170764
Subject(s) - linkage disequilibrium , transmission disequilibrium test , disequilibrium , linkage (software) , genetics , genetic association , logistic regression , biology , statistics , single nucleotide polymorphism , medicine , gene , mathematics , genotype , ophthalmology
Abstract The transmission disequilibrium test (TDT) recently has become a popular method of testing for linkage in the presence of association due to its simplicity and advantages over other within‐family analytic methods. In this paper, we describe a logistic regression extension to the TDT that can be used to test for differences in linkage disequilibrium as a function of one or more continuous and/or categorical explanatory variables. We highlight important features of this method and demonstrate some of its possible uses. We applied these analyses to test for linkage disequilibrium between the dopamine receptor D2 ( DRD2 ) and alcohol dehydrogenase 3 ( ADH3 ) genes and both diagnostic and quantitative indices of alcoholism. Using data from the Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism data set, we found evidence suggesting linkage disequilibrium between DRD2 and ADH3 and quantitative indices of alcoholism and correlated phenotypes corresponding to smoking and personality. None of the evidence for linkage disequilibrium varied by sex or age.