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TBM Tunnel under the Bosphorus for the Istanbul Strait Road Crossing Project
Author(s) -
Arioglu Basar,
Gokce Hasan Burak,
Malcioglu Fatma Sevil,
Arioglu Ergin
Publication year - 2016
Publication title -
geomechanics and tunnelling
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.317
H-Index - 18
eISSN - 1865-7389
pISSN - 1865-7362
DOI - 10.1002/geot.201600025
Subject(s) - deck , subsea , geology , submarine pipeline , population , geotechnical engineering , engineering , mining engineering , civil engineering , oceanography , demography , sociology
The population increase in Istanbul is also reflected in car ownership, which brings an extensive traffic load to the city, especially to the two bridges over the Bosphorus. After feasibility studies, a double deck, 3.4 km subsea tunnel with a 13.7 m diameter at a maximum depth of 106 m below sea level and a capacity of 100,000 cars/day was initiated as a solution for the city. The tunnel, excavated by a custom‐made mixshield slurry TBM, passes through very complex geological structures including the Trakya formation, transition zones and marine sediments in a highly seismic area.