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Full face excavation in difficult ground
Author(s) -
Lunardi Pietro,
Barla Giovanni
Publication year - 2014
Publication title -
geomechanics and tunnelling
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.317
H-Index - 18
eISSN - 1865-7389
pISSN - 1865-7362
DOI - 10.1002/geot.201400037
Subject(s) - excavation , new austrian tunnelling method , face (sociological concept) , stage (stratigraphy) , engineering , tunnel construction , civil engineering , tunnel boring machine , mining engineering , geotechnical engineering , geology , mechanical engineering , paleontology , social science , sociology
This paper describes the evolution of full face excavation from the mid 1980s to the present. During this time, more than 1,000 km of tunnels have been designed, excavated and completed using full face excavation, with cross sections ranging in size from 120 to 220 m 2 , in different geological and geotechnical conditions, near the ground surface or at depth. Starting from the basic concepts of the approach (ADECO‐RS) applied at the tunnel design stage and during construction, the experience gained and the lessons learned are summarised. It is shown how full face excavation has been developed and improved through the experience gained from the construction of both road and railway tunnels in the past thirty years. In order to highlight the current stage of development, with new materials, technologies, modelling methods and increased capacity in observation and real‐time monitoring of tunnel behaviour becoming available, the case of the Sochi Tunnel in Russia is presented and a comparison with the New Austrian Tunnelling Method (NATM) is illustrated.