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Metro Istanbul – Kadıköy, an Underground Station Close to the Sea and Below a Historical Building
Author(s) -
Ayaydin Nejad,
Ekici Zafer,
Walter Herbert
Publication year - 2008
Publication title -
geomechanik und tunnelbau
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.317
H-Index - 18
eISSN - 1865-7389
pISSN - 1865-7362
DOI - 10.1002/geot.200800022
Subject(s) - human settlement , new austrian tunnelling method , civil engineering , foundation (evidence) , shotcrete , wharf , eurocode , geology , mining engineering , geotechnical engineering , engineering , archaeology , geography , structural engineering , excavation , waste management
On the Asian side of Istanbul a 21.7 km long new metro system with 16 underground stations will run from the Bosphorus shipping pier Kadıköy to the suburb district Kartal in the southeast. The single track running tunnels will be constructed by means of two single shield TBM. Stations and switch tunnels are constructed with NATM. Driving at a depth of 25 to 35 m the rock is weathered and intensely fractured by tectonic processes. The area of Kadıköy station was a shallow harbor in the Ottoman time and has been filled up in the beginning of 20th century. Special care had to be taken to minimize settlements of the foundation of a historical building. In order to investigate the influence of the tunnel construction on settlements and to achieve an economic design of the primary lining at intersections a three‐dimensional time‐dependent finite element model has been developed. The Eurocode‐based design concept and numerical results are presented in some detail. The chosen design concept including a 30 cm shotcrete primary lining and additional protection by a pipe‐umbrella guaranteed a safe and economic construction and prevented damage to the historical building.