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A review of geophysical methods used in archaeology
Author(s) -
Wynn Jeffrey C.
Publication year - 1986
Publication title -
geoarchaeology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.696
H-Index - 44
eISSN - 1520-6548
pISSN - 0883-6353
DOI - 10.1002/gea.3340010302
Subject(s) - geophysics , geophysical survey , ground penetrating radar , remote sensing , photography , geology , exploration geophysics , archaeology , radar , computer science , geography , telecommunications , art , visual arts
Geophysical methods have been used with increasing frequency in archaeology since 1946; aerial photography has been used since 1919. The geophysical methods that are most commonly used at present are electrical resistivity, magnetics, and ground‐probing radar. Magnetic detectors, particularly when used in a gradient mode or with a continuously recording base station, are used at almost all sites where any geophysical methods are used. Portable, noncontacting electromagnetic soil‐conductivity systems are also being increasingly used because of their very high rate of data acquisition. Less commonly used methods include self‐potential (sometimes called spontaneous potential), microgravity, radiometric, thermal infrared imagery, and sonic or seismic techniques. Recent developments in image processing and graphic representation have contributed substantially to the archaeologist's ability to do “rescue archaeology,” that is, to carry out high‐speed, nondestructive reconnaissance surveys for ancient human cultural evidence in advance of modern industrial development.