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Re‐creation of the 1744 Heylyn and Frye ceramic patent wares using Cherokee clay: Implications for raw materials, kiln conditions, and the earliest English porcelain production
Author(s) -
Ramsay W.R.H.,
Hill G.R.,
Ramsay E.G.
Publication year - 2004
Publication title -
geoarchaeology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.696
H-Index - 44
eISSN - 1520-6548
pISSN - 0883-6353
DOI - 10.1002/gea.20016
Subject(s) - frit , cherokee , kiln , mineralogy , ceramic , lime , materials science , zblan , archaeology , metallurgy , geology , composite material , history , fiber laser , fiber
Porcelain wares have been produced following the directions contained in the Heylyn and Frye patent of 1744, using Cherokee clay and a lime‐alkali glass frit. The wares were fired to the bisque (˜ 950°C), glazed using a clay‐glass mixture, and then fired to a “heat‐work” level of Orton cone 9–90° deflection at 150°C per hour (1279°C). Modal mineralogy comprises Caplagioclase and two glass phases, one relict frit and the other a melt phase. The bulk chemistry of the body comprises 64.3 wt % SiO 2 , 21.7 wt % Al 2 O 3 , and 5.6 wt % CaO. Molecular ratios are SiO 2 :Al 2 O 3 5.0 and SiO 2 :CaO 10.7. It is concluded that the patent, whose significance has been questioned over many years, was a practical working recipe, that close comparison may be made with porcelains of the “A”‐marked group, and that the patent represents a remarkable landmark in English ceramic history. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.