Open AccessNutritional composition and glycemic index analyses of vitamin A‐biofortified maize in healthy subjects
Author(s) -
Oluba Olarewaju M.,
OredokunLache Ajoke B.
Publication year - 2018
Publication title -
food science and nutrition
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.614
H-Index - 27
ISSN - 2048-7177
DOI - 10.1002/fsn3.801
Subject(s) - glycemic index , zeaxanthin , lutein , food science , vitamin , glycemic , phytic acid , biofortification , carotenoid , chemistry , composition (language) , zoology , bioavailability , carotene , vitamin c , biology , biochemistry , microbiology and biotechnology , micronutrient , insulin , linguistics , philosophy , organic chemistry , bioinformatics
Besides being a veritable tool for easing the problem of vitamin A deficiency ( VAD ), this study sought to explore another potential health benefit of vitamin A‐biofortified maize ( VABM ). In the present study, the nutritional composition and glycemic index ( GI ) of tuwo masara (a nonfermented maize‐based dumpling), made from VABM and the indigenous white maize ( IWM ) genotype, were evaluated. VABM showed significantly ( p < 0.05) lower fat (4.38 ± 0.46%) and crude protein (6.58 ± 0.13%) but higher crude fiber (5.29 ± 0.0%) contents compared to 5.22 ± 0.25% crude fat, 7.28 ± 0.11% crude protein, and 4.69 ± 0.00% crude fiber in the IWM . The phytic acid content in the IWM (2.77 mg/100 g) was 39% higher than the level (2.0 ± 0.04 mg/100 g) in VABM . The major provitamin A carotenoid in the VABM were lutein (7.37 ± 0.52 μg/g), zeaxanthin (1.65 ± 0.01 μg/g), cryptoxanthin (1.29 ± 0.02 μg/g), and all‐trans‐β‐carotene (0.83 ± 0.02 μg/g), while the IWM contained only lutein (1.52 ± 0.32 μg/g). The total carotene concentration, 12.74 ± 1.13 μg/g dry weight in the VABM , was over eight times higher than that observed for the IWM , 1.52 ± 0.32 μg/g dry weight. The VABM tuwo masara showed a significantly lower GI value (70.3%) compared to the IWM tuwo masara (87.7%). Data obtained from the study further attest to the positive nutritional and health benefits of VABM .