Optimization of physicochemical and textural properties of pizza cheese fortified with soybean oil and carrot extract

Response surface methodology ( RSM ) was used to optimize pizza cheese containing carrot extract. The effects of two important independent variables including soybean oil (5%–20%) and carrot extract (5%–20%) were studied on physicochemical and textural properties of pizza cheese containing carrot extract. According to the results, RSM was successfully used for optimizing formulation of pizza cheese containing carrot juice. Results of this study revealed that oil (A), carrot (B), AB , square term of carrot (B 2 ), B, AB , square term of oil (A 2 ), B 2 , AB , AB , A 2 B, A 2 , A 2 , A, A 2 , A 2 , AB , and AB 2 had the most effect on moisture, acidity, stretch, L*, a*, b*, hardness, meltability, springiness, peroxide value ( PV ), cohesiveness, chewiness, gumminess, fracture force, adhesiveness force, stiffness, flavor, and overall acceptability, respectively. A formulation upon 20% oil and 10.88% carrot extract was found as the optimal formulation for pizza cheese containing carrot extract. At the optimal formulation, PV , L*, a*, b*, meltability, stretch, cohesiveness, springiness, gumminess, chewiness, adhesive force, flavor, texture, and overall acceptability at the optimum formulation were measured 2.23, 82.51, −3.69, 18.05, 17.86, 85.61, 0.41, 7.874, 23.7, 0.27, 0.61, 3.50, 3.95, and 3.65, respectively.