Open AccessMigration of nonylphenol and plasticizers from polyvinyl chloride stretch film into food simulants, rapeseed oil, and foods
Author(s) -
Kawamura Yoko,
Ogawa Yuko,
Mutsuga Motoh
Publication year - 2017
Publication title -
food science and nutrition
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.614
H-Index - 27
ISSN - 2048-7177
DOI - 10.1002/fsn3.404
Subject(s) - plasticizer , adipate , chemistry , polyvinyl chloride , food science , rapeseed , glycerol , nonylphenol , heptane , aqueous solution , acetic acid , organic chemistry , nuclear chemistry , environmental chemistry , polymer chemistry
Abstract Nonylphenol ( NP ) has been suspected as an endocrine‐disrupting chemical. Japanese polyvinyl chloride ( PVC ) stretch films contained 0.5–3.3 mg/g of NP and 100–400 mg/g of plasticizers such as diisononyl adipate ( DINA ), di‐ n ‐alkyl adipate ( DAA ), and diacetyllauroyl glycerol ( DALG ). Migration of NP and plasticizers from PVC stretch films into food simulants (water; 4% acetic acid; 20%, 50%, and 95% ethanol; and heptane), rapeseed oil, and foods was investigated. Plasticizers migrated only in small amounts into aqueous simulants and foods, although they migrated at much higher levels into 50% and 95% ethanol, heptane, rapeseed oil, and fatty foods, whereas NP more easily migrated into aqueous simulants and foods. At 5°C for 24 hr, migration of NP into vegetable and fruit was 2.9%–6.4% of their contents, and that of DINA and DAA was 0.1%–0.3%. The migration ratios of NP into aqueous foods were much higher than those of DINA and DAA . The migration ratio of NP into fatty foods, such as minced tuna and pork, was 33% and 24%, which was almost similar to that of DINA and DAA . The estimated daily intakes of NP and DINA for Japanese individuals of those days were 35 and 1,050 μg, respectively, and should not be associated with any safety concerns.