Open AccessRapid methods for extracting and quantifying phenolic compounds in citrus rinds
Author(s) -
Magwaza Lembe Samukelo,
Opara Umezuruike Linus,
Cronje Paul J. R.,
Landahl Sandra,
Ortiz Jose Ordaz,
Terry Leon A.
Publication year - 2016
Publication title -
food science and nutrition
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.614
H-Index - 27
ISSN - 2048-7177
DOI - 10.1002/fsn3.210
Subject(s) - chemistry , chromatography , hesperidin , flavanone , methanol , extraction (chemistry) , high performance liquid chromatography , yield (engineering) , dimethyl sulfoxide , phenols , chromatography detector , solvent , detection limit , phenolic acid , flavonoid , organic chemistry , materials science , medicine , alternative medicine , pathology , metallurgy , antioxidant
Conventional methods for extracting and quantifying phenolic compounds in citrus rinds are time consuming. Rapid methods for extracting and quantifying phenolic compounds were developed by comparing three extraction solvent combinations (80:20 v/v ethanol:H 2 O; 70:29.5:0.5 v/v/v methanol:H 2 O: HC l; and 50:50 v/v dimethyl sulfoxide ( DMSO ):methanol) for effectiveness. Freeze‐dried, rind powder was extracted in an ultrasonic water bath at 35°C for 10, 20, and 30 min. Phenolic compound quantification was done with a high‐performance liquid chromatography ( HPLC ) equipped with diode array detector. Extracting with methanol:H 2 O: HC l for 30 min resulted in the optimum yield of targeted phenolic acids. Seven phenolic acids and three flavanone glycosides ( FG s) were quantified. The dominant phenolic compound was hesperidin, with concentrations ranging from 7500 to 32,000 μ g/g DW . The highest yield of FG s was observed in samples extracted, using DMSO :methanol for 10 min. Compared to other extraction methods, methanol:H 2 O: HC l was efficient in optimum extraction of phenolic acids. The limit of detection and quantification for all analytes were small, ranging from 1.35 to 5.02 and 4.51 to 16.72 μ g/g DW , respectively, demonstrating HPLC quantification method sensitivity. The extraction and quantification methods developed in this study are faster and more efficient. Where speed and effectiveness are required, these methods are recommended.