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Chemical and in vitro cytotoxicity evaluation of essential oil from Eucalyptus citriodora fruits growing in the Northwestern Himalaya, India
Author(s) -
Koundal Rajkesh,
Kumar Dharmesh,
Walia Mayanka,
Kumar Ashish,
Thakur Soni,
Chand Gopi,
Padwad Yogendra S.,
Agnihotri Vijai K.
Publication year - 2016
Publication title -
flavour and fragrance journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.393
H-Index - 70
eISSN - 1099-1026
pISSN - 0882-5734
DOI - 10.1002/ffj.3296
Subject(s) - essential oil , hela , chemistry , cytotoxicity , limonene , gas chromatography–mass spectrometry , traditional medicine , mtt assay , myrtaceae , chromatography , food science , botany , in vitro , mass spectrometry , biochemistry , biology , medicine
Abstract Eucalyptus citriodora is a well‐known source of essential oil. Essential oil from the fruit's of E . citriodora was extracted using the hydrodistillation method with the help of a Clevenger‐type apparatus (yield 0.23%). The phytochemicals composition of the oil was evaluated using gas chromatography (GC), GC/ mass spectrometry (MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques. The essential oil was found to be a complex mixture of mono‐ and sesquiterpenoids. The major chemical constituents identified were α ‐pinene (54.1 g/100 g), γ‐terpinene (8.6 g/100 g), E ‐caryophyllene (6.6 g/100 g), β‐pinene (6.3 g/100 g), limonene (5.5 g/100 g) and 1,8‐cineole (4.3 g/100 g). In vitro cytotoxicity of the essential oil was evaluated using the sulphorhodamine B (SRB) assay against human lung carcinoma (A549), human epithelial cervix carcinoma (HeLa) and Chinese hamster ovarian carcinoma (CHOK1) cells. The IC 50 values of the E . citriodora fruits essential oil against A549, HeLa and CHOK1 cells ranged from 87.5 to 96.8 µg/ml. The toxicity of the isolated essential oil was also assessed against human lymphocytes using the [3‐(4,5‐Dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide] (MTT) assay. Essential oil possesses significant cytotoxic activity. The aim of the present study was to search the Northwestern Himalaya for the new potent source of toxicologically safe essential oils. This is a first report on the chemical composition and cytotoxicity of essential oil extracted from the fruit's of E . citriodora . Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.