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Chemical composition of seed essential oils from Algerian Nigella sativa extracted by microwave and hydrodistillation
Author(s) -
Benkaci–Ali Farid,
Baaliouamer Aoumeur,
Meklati Brahim Y.,
Chemat Farid
Publication year - 2006
Publication title -
flavour and fragrance journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.393
H-Index - 70
eISSN - 1099-1026
pISSN - 0882-5734
DOI - 10.1002/ffj.1773
Subject(s) - carvacrol , thymoquinone , thymol , chemistry , p cymene , nigella sativa , essential oil , carvone , chromatography , gas chromatography , pinene , distillation , monoterpene , mass spectrometry , gas chromatography–mass spectrometry , composition (language) , limonene , traditional medicine , organic chemistry , medicine , ruthenium , antioxidant , catalysis , linguistics , philosophy
Extraction of essential oil from Nigella sativa seed collected at two locations in the Sahara desert, Timimoun (T) and Adrar (A), has been conducted by hydrodistillation (HD) and a microwave distillation process (MD). The composition of the volatile oil was investigated by capillary gas chromatography and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Using the hydrodistillation, active compounds such as p‐ cymene (8.9 and 7.2% in T and A, respectively), 4‐terpineol (0.6–8.9%), thymohydroquinone (6.1–12.2%), thymoquinone (1.6–21.8%), carvacrol (12.9–12.9%), carvone (4.4–0.3%) and thymol (1.5–0.7%) were the major components, representing more than 36% (T) and 64% (A) of the oils. For the microwave distillation, p‐ cymene (28.1% and 32.0% in T and A, respectively), 4‐terpineol (3.4–2.0%), thymohydroquinone (0.7–1.1%), thymoquinone (10.8–24.6%), carvacrol (3.0–6.0%), and thymol (0.3–0.3%) represent respectively 46.1% and 66.0% of the T and A oils. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.