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Essential oils of Kenyan Citrus fruits : volatile components of two varieties of mandarins ( Citrus reticulata ) and a tangelo ( C. paradisi × C. tangerina )
Author(s) -
Njoroge Simon Muhoho,
Koaze Hiroshi,
Mwaniki Mercy,
Minh Tu N. T.,
Sawamura Masayoshi
Publication year - 2004
Publication title -
flavour and fragrance journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.393
H-Index - 70
eISSN - 1099-1026
pISSN - 0882-5734
DOI - 10.1002/ffj.1376
Subject(s) - chemistry , limonene , myrcene , decanal , citrus paradisi , monoterpene , rutaceae , botany , nonanal , citronellal , essential oil , octanal , burseraceae , horticulture , food science , organic chemistry , hexanal , biology
The volatile avour components of essential oils in peel of kara and sabine mandarins ( Citrus reticulata ) and minneola tangelo, a hybrid between Duncan grapefruit ( C. paradisi Macfadyen) and Dancy tangerine ( C. tangerina Tanaka) grown in Kenya were extracted by cold‐pressing and analyzed by GC and GC‐MS. A total of 48, 72 and 56 components amounting to 99.4, 99.8 and 99.8% were identied in each oil, respectively. Monoterpene hydrocarbons constituted 98.1, 96.9 and 96.7% in the respective oils. The major compounds were limonene (87.1–90.7%), γ ‐terpinene (1.5–2.9%), terpinolene (1.4–2.2%) and myrcene (1.5–1.8%). α− Terpinene was prominent in sabine oil (3.4%) but absent from kara and minneola oils. β ‐Caryophyllene, α ‐cubebene and ( E , E )‐ α ‐farnesene amounting to minor percentages (0.2–0.3%) were the notable sesquiterpenes in each oil. Oxygenated compounds constituted 1.1, 2.6 and 2.8% of the kara, sabine and minneola oils, respectively. Carbonyl compounds (0.6–1.3%) and alcohols (0.3–1.3%) were the major groups, whereas linalool (0.2–0.6%), decanal (0.2–0.3%) and octanal (0.2–0.3%) were the prominent compounds. β ‐Sinensal was present in each oil at trace quantities. α ‐Sinensal and nootkatone were found only in sabine oil. The oils exhibited complex and variable compositions of alcohols, aldehydes and ketones. ( E )‐ p ‐Mentha‐2,8‐dienol, p ‐mentha‐1(7), 8(10)‐dien‐9‐ol, p ‐menth‐8‐en‐1‐ol and ( E )‐pinocarvyl acetate found among the oils have not been previously reported in mandarin peel oils. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.