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Flammability testing of pure and flame retardant‐treated cotton fabrics
Author(s) -
Hshieh Fuyu,
Beeson Harold D.
Publication year - 1995
Publication title -
fire and materials
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.482
H-Index - 58
eISSN - 1099-1018
pISSN - 0308-0501
DOI - 10.1002/fam.810190506
Subject(s) - fire retardant , cone calorimeter , flammability , materials science , combustion , diammonium phosphate , composite material , calorimeter (particle physics) , char , oxygen , ignition system , smoke , waste management , chemistry , organic chemistry , metallurgy , potassium , physics , detector , electrical engineering , thermodynamics , engineering
Abstract A Controlled‐atomosphere cone calorimeter was used to investigate the burning of pure and flame retardant‐treated cotton fabrics. The condensed‐phase flame retardants used were Morguard (containing ammonium dihydrogen phosphate and diammonium hydrogen phoisphate) and Nochar (containing ammonium sulfate and a sodium salt). The fabrics were tested at 25 kW m −2 incident heat flux in environments containing 15–30% oxygen. The flame retardants increased the time to ignition, residue yield, and CO and CO 2 yields. The flame retardants decreased the peak and average mass loss rates, the peak and average heat release rates, the effective heat of combustion at peak heat release rate, and the propensity to flashover. The effect of oxygen concentration on the burning of pure and flame retardant‐treated cotton fabrics has also been investigated. The flame retardants had better performance when the treated fabrics burned in the lower oxyge concentrations. The result of this study indicate that the controlled‐atmosphere cone calorimeter is a good tool for studying the effect of flame retardant and oxygen concentration on the burning of materials.