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Action of phosphorus compounds on fire‐retardancy of cellulosic materials: A review
Author(s) -
Kishore K.,
Mohandas K.
Publication year - 1982
Publication title -
fire and materials
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.482
H-Index - 58
eISSN - 1099-1018
pISSN - 0308-0501
DOI - 10.1002/fam.810060203
Subject(s) - flammability , fire retardant , char , cellulosic ethanol , cellulose , phosphorus , flammable liquid , polyurethane , polymer , waste management , materials science , coating , pulp and paper industry , chemistry , pyrolysis , organic chemistry , engineering
Owing to their low cost phosphorus fire‐retardants find vast application in making fire‐retardant cellulosic compostions. They have been used both as a physical additive as well as part of the polymer structure. Acid forming phosphorus compounds are generally effective in cotton and other cellulosic. Acidic retardants produce char via a dehydration process and this brings about the final fire‐retardancy in phosphate‐containing composition. High efficiency of phosphorus fire retardants in polyurethane foam has also been suggested to be the result of stable char formation. The char affects the flammability in the three following ways: reduction of flammable fuel, insulation by the char and coating by the non‐volatile thermally stable phosphorous acids which screen the hot carbon from the oxygen. Nitrogen‐phosphorus synergism in cellulose in controversial and evidence indicates that it is non existent in polymers.