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Toxicity of aqueous C 70 ‐gallic acid suspension in Daphnia magna
Author(s) -
Seda Brandon C.,
Ke PuChun,
Mount Andrew S.,
Klaine Stephen J.
Publication year - 2012
Publication title -
environmental toxicology and chemistry
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.1
H-Index - 171
eISSN - 1552-8618
pISSN - 0730-7268
DOI - 10.1002/etc.727
Subject(s) - gallic acid , daphnia magna , chemistry , superoxide dismutase , antioxidant , toxicity , lipid peroxidation , glutathione , environmental chemistry , biochemistry , food science , organic chemistry , enzyme
Abstract The present study assessed the toxic effects of stable aqueous colloidal suspensions of gallic‐acid‐stabilized C 70 fullerene on Daphnia magna . The suspensions were stabilized through noncovalent surface modification with gallic acid. In addition to whole‐organism responses, changes in antioxidative processes in D. magna were quantified. Acute toxicity was observed with 96LC50 for C 70 ‐gallic acid of 0.4 ± 0.1 mg/L C 70 . Daphnia magna fecundity was significantly reduced in 21‐d bioassays at C 70 ‐gallic aqcid concentrations below quantifiable limits. Antioxidant enzyme activities of glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase as well as lipid peroxidation suggested that exposed organisms experienced oxidative stress. Microscopic techniques used to determine cellular toxicity via apoptosis proved unsuccessful. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2012;31:215–220. © 2011 SETAC