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Mitochondrial DNA copy number and hnRNP A2/B1 protein: Biomarkers for direct exposure of benzene
Author(s) -
Eom HaYoung,
Kim HyeRan,
Kim HwanYoung,
Han DongKyun,
Baek HeeJo,
Lee JaeHyuk,
Moon Jai Dong,
Shin JongHee,
Suh SoonPal,
Ryang DongWook,
Kook Hoon,
Shin MyungGeun
Publication year - 2011
Publication title -
environmental toxicology and chemistry
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.1
H-Index - 171
eISSN - 1552-8618
pISSN - 0730-7268
DOI - 10.1002/etc.675
Subject(s) - chemistry , microbiology and biotechnology , benzene , mitochondrial dna , hydrogen peroxide , peripheral blood mononuclear cell , mitochondrion , biochemistry , biology , in vitro , gene , organic chemistry
Abstract The present study was performed to identify biomarkers for exposure of benzene in blood cells and hematopoietic tissues. Peripheral mononuclear cells, hematopoietic stem cells, and leukemia cell lines were cultured in RPMI 1640 media with the addition of 0, 1, and 10 mM of benzene. Hydrogen peroxide was measured using an enzyme immunoassay. Mitochondrial mass, membrane potential, and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number were measured using MitoTracker Green/Red probes, and real‐time polymerase chain reaction. In addition, two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight (MALDI‐TOF) technology were performed to identify protein markers. The mitochondrial contents and membrane potentials were dramatically increased after three weeks of direct benzene exposure. The hydrogen peroxide level increased significantly after two weeks of treatment with benzene (4.4 ± 1.9 µM/mg protein) compared to the non‐benzene treatment group (1.2 ± 1.0; p = 0.001). The mtDNA copy number gradually increased after exposure to benzene. Numerous protein markers showed significant aberrant expression after exposure to benzene. Among them, the heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein (hnRNP) A2/B1 was markedly decreased after exposure to benzene. Thus, increased mitochondrial mass, mtDNA copy number, and the hnRNP A2/B1 protein were biomarkers for benzene‐related toxicity and hematotoxicity. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2011;30:2762–2770. © 2011 SETAC