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Toxicokinetic‐toxicodynamic modeling of quantal and graded sublethal endpoints: A brief discussion of concepts
Author(s) -
Ashauer Roman,
Agatz Annika,
Albert Carlo,
Ducrot Virginie,
Galic Nika,
Hendriks Jan,
Jager Tjalling,
Kretschmann Andreas,
O'Connor Isabel,
Rubach Mascha Nadine,
Nyman AnnaMaija,
Schmitt Walter,
Stadnicka Julita,
van den Brink Paul J.,
Preuss Thomas G.
Publication year - 2011
Publication title -
environmental toxicology and chemistry
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.1
H-Index - 171
eISSN - 1552-8618
pISSN - 0730-7268
DOI - 10.1002/etc.639
Subject(s) - toxicodynamics , toxicokinetics , biochemical engineering , mechanism (biology) , selection (genetic algorithm) , computer science , computational biology , biology , bioinformatics , engineering , physics , artificial intelligence , quantum mechanics , pharmacokinetics
Abstract We report on the advantages and problems of using toxicokinetic‐toxicodynamic (TKTD) models for the analysis, understanding, and simulation of sublethal effects. Only a few toxicodynamic approaches for sublethal effects are available. These differ in their effect mechanism and emphasis on linkages between endpoints. We discuss how the distinction between quantal and graded endpoints and the type of linkage between endpoints can guide model design and selection. Strengths and limitations of two main approaches and possible ways forward are outlined. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2011;30:2519–2524. © 2011 SETAC