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Contamination of fish in streams of the Mid‐Atlantic Region: An approach to regional indicator selection and wildlife assessment
Author(s) -
Lazorchak James M.,
McCormick Frank H.,
Henry Tala R.,
Herlihy Alan T.
Publication year - 2003
Publication title -
environmental toxicology and chemistry
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.1
H-Index - 171
eISSN - 1552-8618
pISSN - 0730-7268
DOI - 10.1002/etc.5620220312
Subject(s) - streams , wildlife , environmental science , fishery , chlordane , trout , ecology , fish <actinopterygii> , biology , pesticide , computer network , computer science
The extent of contamination of fish in the Mid‐Atlantic Region was evaluated as part of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Monitoring and Assessment Program's regional assessment in 1993 through 1994. Fish assemblages from wadeable streams were dominated by small, short‐lived fishes (e.g., minnows, darters, and sculpins) that were more widely distributed and abundant than large fishes typically chosen for tissue contaminant studies (e.g., trout, black bass, sunfish, common carp). Chemical concentrations in whole‐fish homogenates exceeded detection limits for mercury, DDT, and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in 75 to 100% of the stream length assessed using small fishes and 84 to 100% of the stream length assessed using large fishes. Wildlife values (WVs) representing a threshold for toxic effect were developed to allow examination of the spatial extent of potential risk to piscivorous wildlife. For mercury, DDT, dieldrin, and chlordane, estimates of the regional extent of streams where fish contaminant concentrations exceeded the WVs were greater when based on small fishes than on large fishes. However, within the distribution of stream lengths assessed using small and large fishes, the percentage of stream kilometers exceeding the WVs were quite similar. Our data demonstrate that the greater abundance and distribution of small, short‐lived fishes provide greater estimates of regional extent of contamination for first‐ through third‐order streams and can be used for regional assessments of potential exposure and effects in wildlife.