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The bioconcentration and metabolism of chlorpyrifos by the eastern oyster, Crassostrea virginica
Author(s) -
Woodburn Kent B.,
Hansen Steven C.,
Roth Gary A.,
Strauss Kathryn
Publication year - 2003
Publication title -
environmental toxicology and chemistry
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.1
H-Index - 171
eISSN - 1552-8618
pISSN - 0730-7268
DOI - 10.1002/etc.5620220207
Subject(s) - oyster , crassostrea , bioconcentration , chlorpyrifos , metabolite , eastern oyster , chemistry , environmental chemistry , bioaccumulation , biology , toxicology , zoology , pesticide , fishery , biochemistry , ecology
Eastern oysters ( Crassostrea virginica ) were exposed to [ 14 C]chlorpyrifos ( O,O ‐diethyl‐ O ‐[3,5,6‐trichloro‐2‐pyridyl] phosphorothioate) at an average measured seawater concentration of 0.6 μg/L under flow‐through conditions for 28 d. The compound O,O ‐diethyl‐ O ‐(3,5‐dichloro‐6‐methylthio‐2‐pyridyl)phosphorothioate (DMP) was extracted and identified as the single metabolite observed, and this metabolite constituted the majority of the total [ 14 C] activity in the oyster at all sampling times. Once oysters were exposed to clean water, both chlorpyrifos and DMP residues cleared rapidly from whole oysters, with elimination half‐lives of <3 d. A simple two‐compartment uptake/elimination model was adequate to describe total [ 14 C] activity in whole oysters, edible tissue, and oyster liquor. The average bioconcentration factors (BCFs) for total [ 14 C] activity in whole oysters, edible tissue, and oyster liquor were 565, 1,400, and 35 ml/g, respectively. The parent [ 14 C]chlorpyrifos accumulated to a peak residue concentration of 135 μg/kg in whole oyster tissue, representing an empirical [ 14 C]chlorpyrifos BCF value in the oyster of approximately 225 ml/g; the BCF value for [ 14 C]chlorpyrifos was lower than the BCF for total [ 14 C] activity in whole oysters and edible tissue because of extensive metabolism to DMP and oyster elimination processes.