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Acute and chronic toxicity of nickel to marine organisms: Implications for water quality criteria
Author(s) -
Hunt John W.,
Anderson Brian S.,
Phillips Bryn M.,
Tjeerdema Ron S.,
Puckett H. Max,
Stephenson Mark,
Tucker David W.,
Watson Daniel
Publication year - 2002
Publication title -
environmental toxicology and chemistry
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.1
H-Index - 171
eISSN - 1552-8618
pISSN - 0730-7268
DOI - 10.1002/etc.5620211122
Subject(s) - abalone , chronic toxicity , acute toxicity , ec50 , toxicity , biology , crustacean , toxicology , larva , juvenile , ecotoxicology , zoology , environmental chemistry , fishery , ecology , chemistry , in vitro , biochemistry , organic chemistry
Acute and chronic toxicity tests were conducted to determine the effects of nickel on three U.S. west coast marine species: a fish (the topsmelt, Atherinops affinis ), a mollusk (the red abalone, Haliotis rufescens ), and a crustacean (the mysid, Mysidopsis intii ). The 96‐h median lethal concentration (LC50) for topsmelt was 26,560 mg/L, and the chronic value for the most sensitive endpoint in a 40‐d exposure was 4,270 mg/L. The median effective concentration (EC50) for 48‐h abalone larval development was 145.5 μg/L, and the chronic value for juvenile growth in a 22‐d exposure through larval metamorphosis was 26.43 mg/L. The mysid 96‐h LC50 was 148.6 μg/L, and the chronic value for the most sensitive endpoint in a 28‐d, whole life‐cycle exposure was 22.09 μg/L. The abalone and mysid acute values were lower than other values available in the literature. Acute‐tochronic ratios for nickel toxicity to the three species were 6.220, 5.505, and 6.727, respectively, which were similar to the only other available saltwater value of 5.478 (for Americamysis [Mysidopsis] bahia ) and significantly lower than the existing values of 35.58 and 29.86 for freshwater organisms. Incorporation of data from the present study into calculations for water quality criteria would lower the criterion maximum concentration and raise the criterion continuous concentration for nickel.