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Aquatic toxicity of triclosan
Author(s) -
Orvos David R.,
Versteeg Donald J.,
Inauen Josef,
Capdevielle Marie,
Rothenstein Arthur,
Cunningham Virginia
Publication year - 2002
Publication title -
environmental toxicology and chemistry
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.1
H-Index - 171
eISSN - 1552-8618
pISSN - 0730-7268
DOI - 10.1002/etc.5620210703
Subject(s) - ceriodaphnia dubia , triclosan , daphnia magna , ec50 , bioconcentration , toxicity , ecotoxicology , environmental chemistry , biology , acute toxicity , lemna minor , pimephales promelas , toxicology , aquatic toxicology , daphnia , ecotoxicity , bioaccumulation , chemistry , aquatic plant , ecology , minnow , fishery , crustacean , fish <actinopterygii> , macrophyte , in vitro , pathology , biochemistry , medicine , organic chemistry
The aquatic toxicity of triclosan (TCS), a chlorinated biphenyl ether used as an antimicrobial in consumer products, was studied with activated‐sludge microorganisms, algae, invertebrates, and fish. Triclosan, a compound used for inhibiting microbial growth, was not toxic to wastewater microorganisms at concentrations less than aqueous solubility. The 48‐h Daphnia magna median effective concentration (EC50) was 390 μg/L and the 96‐h median lethal concentration values for Pimephales promelas and Lepomis macrochirus were 260 and 370 μg/L, respectively. A no‐observed‐effect concentration (NOEC) and lowest‐observed‐effect concentration of 34.1 μg/L and 71.3 μg/L, respectively, were determined with an early life‐stage toxicity test with Onco‐rhynchus mykiss. During a 96‐h Scenedesmus study, the 96‐h biomass EC50 was 1.4 μg/L and the 96‐h NOEC was 0.69 μg/L. Other algae and Lemna also were investigated. Bioconcentration was assessed with Danio rerio . The average TCS accumulation factor over the five‐week test period was 4,157 at 3 μg/L and 2,532 at 30 μg/L. Algae were determined to be the most susceptible organisms. Toxicity of a TCS‐containing wastewater secondary effluent to P. promelas and Ceriodaphnia was evaluated and no observed differences in toxicity between control and TCS‐treated laboratory units were detected. The neutral form of TCS was determined to be associated with toxic effects. Ionization and sorption will mitigate those effects in the aquatic compartment.