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Effects of water hardness and dissolved organic material on bioavailability of selected organic chemicals
Author(s) -
Akkanen Jarkko,
Kukkonen Jussi V. K.
Publication year - 2001
Publication title -
environmental toxicology and chemistry
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.1
H-Index - 171
eISSN - 1552-8618
pISSN - 0730-7268
DOI - 10.1002/etc.5620201024
Subject(s) - bioconcentration , pyrene , environmental chemistry , dissolved organic carbon , chemistry , daphnia magna , bioavailability , atrazine , hard water , bioaccumulation , toxicity , pesticide , organic chemistry , ecology , biology , bioinformatics
The influence of water hardness and dissolved organic matter (DOM) on bioavailability of organic chemicals to Daphnia magna was studied by using benzo[ a ]pyrene (B a P), pyrene, atrazine, and 3,3′,4,4′‐tetrachlorobiphenyl (TCB) as model compounds. Two types of DOM were used, namely Lake Kontiolampi, Joeusuu, Finland water (KL) and Nordic reference fulvic acid (NoFA) dissolved in artificial freshwater. Binding of the four contaminants by KL, DOM decreased with increasing water hardness. Furthermore, increasing hardness reduced the binding of B a P and pyrene to NoFA. The binding of atrazine and TCB by NoFA was low and was not significantly affected by water hardness. In the DOM‐free samples, the bioconcentration of the four contaminants in D. magna usually was not affected by water hardness. In the presence of DOM, the bioconcentration factors (BCFs) were lower (except for atrazine) than in the DOM‐free controls. In the presence of both types of DOM, increasing water hardness resulted in higher BCFs for B a P. The bioconcentration of pyrene and TCB increased with increasing water hardness in the presence of KL DOM. In conclusion, the effects of DOM and water hardness on bioavailability of hydrophobic chemicals depend on the type of chemical and on the properties of DOM.