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Effects and risk assessment of linear alkylbenzene sulfonates in agricultural soil. 3. Sublethal effects on soil invertebrates
Author(s) -
Holmstrup Martin,
Krogh Paul Henning
Publication year - 2001
Publication title -
environmental toxicology and chemistry
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.1
H-Index - 171
eISSN - 1552-8618
pISSN - 0730-7268
DOI - 10.1002/etc.5620200808
Subject(s) - linear alkylbenzene , invertebrate , reproduction , oligochaeta (plant) , sewage sludge , soil water , environmental chemistry , enchytraeidae , sewage , fertilizer , agriculture , substrate (aquarium) , environmental science , biology , ecology , agronomy , toxicology , chemistry , environmental engineering , pulmonary surfactant , biochemistry
Sewage sludge applied to agricultural soils often contains considerable amounts of linear alkylbenzene sulfonates (LAS). Toxic effects of LAS on soil organisms should, therefore, be evaluated to ensure safe use of sewage sludge as a fertilizer. In this study, dose—response relationships for the toxicity of Na‐LAS to six species of soil invertebrates (survival, reproduction, and growth) were established using a sandy, agricultural soil as test substrate. In general, toxic effects on reproduction and growth appeared when the concentration in soil exceeded 40 to 60 mg/kg. Reproduction was approximately fourfold more sensitive in earthworms and enchytraeids than in springtails and mites. It is argued that this difference in sensitivity is related to the dependency of soil pore water, which is high in the annelids but comparatively low in the arthropods.