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Fate and effects of esfenvalerate in agricultural ponds
Author(s) -
SamsøePetersen Lise,
Gustavson Kim,
Madsen Torben,
Mogensen Betty Bügel,
Lassen Pia,
Skjernov Kamilla,
Christoffersen Kirsten,
Jørgensen Erik
Publication year - 2001
Publication title -
environmental toxicology and chemistry
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.1
H-Index - 171
eISSN - 1552-8618
pISSN - 0730-7268
DOI - 10.1002/etc.5620200722
Subject(s) - chironomus riparius , environmental chemistry , sediment , water column , dry weight , contamination , fractionation , chemistry , environmental science , larva , ecology , biology , chironomidae , agronomy , chromatography , paleontology
The fate of esfenvalerate was investigated by sampling and chemical analysis after spraying of an artificial pond (25 g a.i./ha) and in the laboratory with [ 14 C]esfenvalerate by trapping of 14 CO 2 and fractionation of the sediment. The effects were investigated on pelagic communities in enclosures in a natural lake and in the laboratory on surface ( Cymatia coleoptrata ) and sediment ( Chironomus riparius ) insects. The latter were used in sediment‐plus‐water and in water‐only tests, measuring effects on emergence and mortality. The measurements in the artificial pond indicated exposure concentrations in the surface microlayer, water column, and sediment of 0.4 μg/L, 0.05 μg/L, and 9 μg/kg dry weight, respectively, two weeks after application. The degradation studies showed a limited mineralization (26.5%) of [chlorophenyl‐ 14 C]esfenvalerate during 112 d. Part of the substance was transformed to water‐soluble compounds (18.1%) or compounds attached to fulvic acids (26.2%), humic acids (14.2%), or nonextractable sediment constituents (8.8%). The formulated product Sumi‐Alpha 5 FW® caused 100% mortality to Cymatia coleoptrata after surface application of 0.13 g a.i./ha. Effects on zooplankton were recorded at 0.005 μg/L of esfenvalerate. The 96‐h median lethal concentration for first‐instar larvae of Chironomus riparius was 0.13 μg/L, whereas the delayed emergence lowest‐observed‐effect concentration was 0.8 μg/L.