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Structure–activity relationship for bromoindole carbaldehydes: Effects on the sea urchin embryo cell cycle
Author(s) -
Moubax Isabelle,
BontempsSubielos Nathalie,
Banaigs Bernard,
Combaut Georges,
Huitorel Philippe,
Girard JeanPierre,
Pesando Danielle
Publication year - 2001
Publication title -
environmental toxicology and chemistry
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.1
H-Index - 171
eISSN - 1552-8618
pISSN - 0730-7268
DOI - 10.1002/etc.5620200319
Subject(s) - sea urchin , mitosis , microbiology and biotechnology , chromatin , biology , cell cycle , chemistry , prophase , biochemistry , dna , cell , gene , meiosis
Natural derivatives of indole‐3‐carbaldehyde were isolated from the tropical marine ascidian Stomoza murrayi. A series of 13 derivatives, three natural and 10 synthetic (brominated and N‐methylated), were examined for their effects on cell division of sea urchin eggs. These derivatives were shown to inhibit the first mitotic cycle in a concentration‐dependent manner. By comparing the IC50 values with the structure of the various molecules, we were able to determine that bromination increased the cytotoxicity of the compound with a maximum occurring when bromine was added to carbon number 2, while addition of N‐methylation was shown to markedly reduce the cytotoxicity of these same compounds brominated at carbon 2 only. Biological activity of this family of compounds has been characterized, via detailed study of addition of the most active derivative, 2,5,6‐tribromoindole‐3‐carbal‐dehyde, on macromolecule synthesis and cytoskeleton reorganization during the first mitotic cycle of fertilized sea urchin eggs. Fluorescence localization of chromatin and microtubules revealed that 2,5,6‐tribromoindole‐3‐carbaldehyde allowed pronuclei migration and fusion but prevented the condensation of chromatin, nuclear envelope breakdown, and bipolar mitotic spindle assembly, inducing an arrest of sea urchin embryogenesis at the beginning of mitosis. It is postulated here that this phenotype is likely to be due to a strong inhibition of DNA replication and protein synthesis.