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Toxicity of glyphosate and triclopyr using the frog embryo teratogenesis assay— Xenopus
Author(s) -
Perkins Peggy J.,
Boermans Herman J.,
Stephenson Gerald R.
Publication year - 2000
Publication title -
environmental toxicology and chemistry
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.1
H-Index - 171
eISSN - 1552-8618
pISSN - 0730-7268
DOI - 10.1002/etc.5620190422
Subject(s) - triclopyr , glyphosate , isopropylamine , toxicity , ecotoxicology , xenopus , biology , pulmonary surfactant , chemistry , toxicology , chromatography , zoology , biochemistry , agronomy , organic chemistry , gene
The effects of glyphosate ([N‐phosphonomethyl]glycine) and triclopyr ([[3,5,6‐trichloro‐2‐pyridinyl]oxy]acetic acid) on the embryonic development of Xenopus laevis were evaluated using Frog Embryo Teratogenesis Assay— Xenopus (FETAX). Rodeo ® , the isopropylamine (ipa) salt of glyphosate formulated without a surfactant was found to be the least toxic, with a LC5 and LC50 of 3,779 and 5,407 mg acid equivalent (AE)/L, respectively. The LC5 and LC50 of Roundup ® , the ipa salt of glyphosate formulated with a surfactant, was 6.4 and 9.4 mg AE/L, respectively. The surfactant component of Roundup, polyoxyethyleneamine (POEA), had a LC5 and LC50 of 2.2 and 2.7 mg/L, respectively. Garlon ® 3A, the triethylamine salt of triclopyr, had a LC5 and LC50 of 119 and 162.5 mg AE/L, respectively. The LC5 and LC50 of Garlon 4 ® , the butoxyethyl ester of triclopyr, was 6.7 and 9.3 mg AE/L, respectively. Considering a theoretical worst case scenario when the highest rates recommended for glyphosate (12 L of Roundup/ha) or triclopyr (8 L of Garlon/ha) are applied to water 15 cm in depth, the expected environmental concentrations calculated on the basis of AE would be 2.8 and 2.6 mg AE/L, respectively. The margins of safety (LC5/expected environmental concentrations) for frog embryos exposed to these concentrations would be approximately 2, 2, 47, and 1,312 for Roundup, Garlon 4, Garlon 3A, and Rodeo, respectively.