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Subchronic and reproductive toxicity of emamectin benzoate to mallard ducks and northern bobwhite quail
Author(s) -
O'Grodnick Joseph S.,
Wislocki Peter G.,
Keenan Kevin P.,
Beavers Joann B.,
Frey Larry T.,
Jaber Mark
Publication year - 1998
Publication title -
environmental toxicology and chemistry
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.1
H-Index - 171
eISSN - 1552-8618
pISSN - 0730-7268
DOI - 10.1002/etc.5620171124
Subject(s) - bobwhite quail , colinus , emamectin benzoate , reproduction , biology , toxicity , quail , zoology , body weight , reproductive toxicity , toxicology , pesticide , medicine , endocrinology , ecology
Avian reproduction studies were performed in both the mallard and the northern bobwhite. Emamectin benzoate was incorporated into the diets of the two avian species prior to and during a period of reproduction. Mallards were exposed at dietary concentrations of 0, 4, 8, 20, or 40 ppm of emamectin benzoate for 20 weeks, whereas northern bobwhites were exposed to dietary concentrations of 0, 4, 13, 40, or 125 ppm of emamectin benzoate for 22 weeks. Birds were monitored for body weight, feed consumption, general health, and reproductive parameters. At the end of the reproduction period, all adult birds were examined for gross morphologic changes, and adult birds in the high‐dose concentration groups were examined for neuropathologic effects. No treatment‐related mortalities, overt signs of toxicity, or treatment‐related effects on adult body weight or feed consumption occurred at any of the concentrations tested in either species. No treatment‐related effects were observed upon any of the reproductive parameters measured. Emamectin benzoate did not induce gross or light microscopic lesions in the brain, spinal cord, or peripheral nerves to the level of the distal branches of the sciatic nerve, including the tibial nerve, in either the mallard or northern bobwhite. The no observed effect concentrations for mallards and northern bobwhites exposed to emamectin benzoate in the diet were 40 ppm and 125 ppm, respectively.