Premium
Lipid methodology and pollutant normalization relationships for neutral nonpolar organic pollutants
Author(s) -
Randall Robert C.,
Young David R.,
Lee Henry,
Echols Scott F.
Publication year - 1998
Publication title -
environmental toxicology and chemistry
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.1
H-Index - 171
eISSN - 1552-8618
pISSN - 0730-7268
DOI - 10.1002/etc.5620170504
Subject(s) - pollutant , hexane , chemistry , environmental chemistry , persistent organic pollutant , normalization (sociology) , chromatography , organic chemistry , sociology , anthropology
This work compares the ability of hexane and chloroform with methanol (C/M) to extract lipid, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and p,p′‐DDE from white croaker ( Geneonus lineatus ) muscle tissue. Hexane extracted on average 25% of the lipid and 73% of the PCB congeners that were extracted by C/M. Both solvents extracted similar quantities of p,p′‐DDE. Consequently, PCB and p,p′‐DDE lipid‐normalized concentrations using hexane values were 2.9 and 3.9 times greater than with C/M values, and greater than fivefold differences are possible using hexane lipid values with C/M pollutant values. Because the solvents primarily extract different lipid pools, the results conceivably approximate the largest lipid‐normalized pollutant concentration differences obtainable using common solvents. The differences suggest that lipid‐normalized pollutant concentrations in fish muscle tissue will vary among studies without a standardized total lipid method, but more research is required to better identify complex neutral pollutant and lipid relationships before a final standard methodology can be selected. In the interim, we recommend that the Bligh‐Dyer method with C/M be used to obtain total lipid for lipid‐normalizing pollutant concentrations. If another solvent or system is used, the C/M extraction should be conducted on representative samples to allow for interconversion of lipid results.