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Dietary accumulation of C 12 ‐ and C 16 ‐chlorinated alkanes by juvenile rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss )
Author(s) -
Fisk Aaron T.,
Bergman ÅKe,
Cymbalisty Chris D.,
Muir Derek C. G.
Publication year - 1996
Publication title -
environmental toxicology and chemistry
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.1
H-Index - 171
eISSN - 1552-8618
pISSN - 0730-7268
DOI - 10.1002/etc.5620151019
Subject(s) - rainbow trout , bioaccumulation , chemistry , trout , alkane , environmental chemistry , biomagnification , juvenile , zoology , biology , ecology , hydrocarbon , organic chemistry , fish <actinopterygii> , fishery
Dietary exposures using juvenile rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss ) were conducted with four 14 C‐polychlorinated alkanes (C 12 H 20 Cl 6 [56% Cl by weight], C 12 H 16 Cl 10 [69% Cl], C 16 H 31 Cl 3 [35% Cl], and C 16 H 21 Cl 13 [69% Cl]) in order to measure bioaccumulation parameters, metabolism, and tissue distributions. These chlorinated alkanes are found in industrial chlorinated paraffin (CP) products, although their method of synthesis is different than that of CPs. Trout were exposed for 40 d to nominal concentrations of 20 and 200 ng/g of each chlorinated alkane, as well as to 2,000 ng/g for C 16 H 21 Cl 13 , followed by an elimination period of up to 173 d. Whole‐body half‐lives in the rainbow trout ranged from 37 ± 2 d for C 16 H 31 Cl 3 to 87 ± 11d for C 12 H 16 Cl 10 , and assimilation efficiencies of C 16 H 31 Cl 3 (33 to 35%) and C 12 H 16 Cl 10 (34 to 38%) were highest among the four alkanes. Biomagnification factors ranged from 0.44 for C 16 H 21 Cl 13 to 2.15 for C 12 H 16 Cl 10 . Accumulation of C 16 H 21 Cl 13 (molecular weight = 674) may be sterically hindered due to its large molecular size. Lower chlorinated alkanes, e.g., C 16 H 31 Cl 3 , had shorter half‐lives than highly chlorinated alkanes, probably due to increased metabolism. High‐performance liquid chromatography 14 C analysis offish tissue extracts revealed that the chlorinated alkane mixtures were selectively biotransformed with certain unknown components persisting in tissues. Lower chlorinated alkanes had greater proportions of polar 14 C, which implies greater metabolism of these compounds. Highly chlorinated, short‐carbon‐chain (C 10–13 ) alkanes and lower chlorinated, medium‐carbon‐chain (C 14–18 ) alkanes appear to have the greatest potential for biomagnification among CP components. No reduced growth rates or hepatic monooxygenase enzyme induction were seen in any of the chlorinated alkane exposures when compared with controls.