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Effects of an anionic surfactant, linear alkylbenzene sulfonate, on survival, reproduction and growth of the soil‐living collembolan Folsomia fimetaria
Author(s) -
Holmstrup Martin,
Krogh Paul Henning
Publication year - 1996
Publication title -
environmental toxicology and chemistry
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.1
H-Index - 171
eISSN - 1552-8618
pISSN - 0730-7268
DOI - 10.1002/etc.5620151013
Subject(s) - linear alkylbenzene , sewage sludge , ecotoxicology , reproduction , soil water , zoology , environmental chemistry , juvenile , moulting , biology , extraction (chemistry) , pulmonary surfactant , chemistry , sewage , ecology , environmental science , chromatography , environmental engineering , larva , biochemistry
Sewages sludge is widely used as a fertilizer or disposed of by land application. Sewage sludge often contains potentially toxic compounds and elements in significant concentrations. A major component is the anionic detergent, linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS), which is frequently used in industrial and household detergents, and which may be found in the range 4 to 10 g kg −1 dry matter. The effects of LAS on Folsomia fimetaria L. were investigated by use of a single species test system with 30 g soil spiked with LAS. Tests with either newly hatched individuals or adults (16–19 d old) were run for 3 weeks followed by extraction in a high‐gradient extracting system. Juvenile mortality increased with increasing concentrations of LAS, whereas adult mortality was unaffected at the LAS levels tested (0–1,000 mg/kg dry soil). Effective concentration, 10%, values were estimated as 163 mg/kg for growth of juveniles, 185 mg/kg for molting frequency, and 147 mg/kg for reproductive output. Rough estimates show that significant negative direct effects on populations of F. fimetaria may be expected at concentrations 8 to 20 times higher than those likely to be found in sludge‐amended soils.