Premium
Degradation azo dyes by environmental microorganisms and helminths
Author(s) -
Chung KingThom,
Stevens S. Edward
Publication year - 1993
Publication title -
environmental toxicology and chemistry
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.1
H-Index - 171
eISSN - 1552-8618
pISSN - 0730-7268
DOI - 10.1002/etc.5620121120
Subject(s) - mineralization (soil science) , microorganism , effluent , phanerochaete , sewage , chemistry , bacteria , environmental chemistry , chrysosporium , biodegradation , microbial biodegradation , microbiology and biotechnology , biology , enzyme , organic chemistry , environmental engineering , environmental science , nitrogen , genetics
The degradation of azodyes by environmental microorganisms, fungi, and helminths is reviewed. Azo dyes are used in a wide variety of products and can be found in the effluent of most sewage treatment facilities. Substantial quantities of these dyes have been deposited in the environment, particularly in streams and rivers. Azo dyes were shown to affect microbial activities and microbial population sizes in the sediments and in the water columns of aquatic habitats. Only a few aerobic bacteria have been found to reduce azo dyes under aerobic conditions, and little is known about the process. A substantial number of anaerobic bacteria capable of azo dye reduction have been reported. The enzyme responsible for azo dye reduction has been partially purified, and characterization of the enzyme is proceeding. The nematode Ascans lumbncoides and the cestode Momezia expansa have been reported to reduce azo dyes anaerobically. Recently the fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium was reported to mineralize azo dyes via a peroxidation‐mediated pathway. A possible degradation pathway for the mineralization of azo dyes is proposed and future research needs are discussed.