Premium
Toxicokinetics and toxicodynamics of pyrethroid insecticides in fish
Author(s) -
Bradbury Steven P.,
Coats Joel R.
Publication year - 1989
Publication title -
environmental toxicology and chemistry
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.1
H-Index - 171
eISSN - 1552-8618
pISSN - 0730-7268
DOI - 10.1002/etc.5620080503
Subject(s) - pyrethroid , toxicodynamics , toxicokinetics , cypermethrin , deltamethrin , toxicology , fenvalerate , permethrin , pesticide , biology , chemistry , pharmacology , pharmacokinetics , ecology
The pyrethroid insecticides are extremely toxic to fish, with 96—h LC50 values generally below 10 μg/L and i.p. and i.v. LD50 values below 20 mg/kg. Corresponding LD50 values in mammals and birds are in the range of several hundred to several thousand milligrams per kilogram. This review examines pyrethroid toxicokinetics and toxicodynamics in fish as critical factors associated with species selectivity. Studies with permethrin, cypermethrin and fenvalerate have established that rates of metabolism and elimination in rainbow trout are significantly lower than those reported for birds and mammals. Comparatively low lethal brain pyrethroid concentrations and nonneural aspects of pyrethroid intoxication in fish suggest that variations in toxicodynamics are also crucial in evaluating pyrethroid selectivity.