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Acute toxicity of chlorophenols to green algae, Selenastrum capricornutum and Chlorella vulgaris , and quantitative structure‐activity relationships
Author(s) -
Shigeoka Tadayoshi,
Sato Yasuo,
Takeda Yuko,
Yoshida Kikuo,
Yamauchi Fumio
Publication year - 1988
Publication title -
environmental toxicology and chemistry
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.1
H-Index - 171
eISSN - 1552-8618
pISSN - 0730-7268
DOI - 10.1002/etc.5620071007
Subject(s) - selenastrum , chlorella vulgaris , ec50 , pentachlorophenol , algae , partition coefficient , toxicity , environmental chemistry , biology , chlorophyta , acute toxicity , quantitative structure–activity relationship , green algae , topological index , chemistry , chromatography , botany , stereochemistry , organic chemistry , biochemistry , computational chemistry , in vitro
The growth inhibition (96‐h EC50) of two species of green algae, Selenastrum capricornutum and Chlorella vulgaris , caused by phenol and 12 chlorophenols (from mono‐Cl to penta‐Cl) was determined according to the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development guidelines for testing chemicals. The responses of the algae to the chemicals were measured by cell counting, and 96‐h EC50 values were correlated with six physicochemical parameters of chlorophenols. The parameters employed in the quantitative structure‐activity relationship (QSAR) analyses were n ‐octanol/water partition coefficient (log P ow ), dissociation constant (p K a ), Hammett Σσ constant, index of valence molecular connectivity ( 1 χ v ), perimeter of the efficient cross section of molecule (ΣD) and melting point ( F ). In the S. capricornutum assay, the toxicity increased as the number of substituted chlorine atoms increased. In the C. vulgaris assay, although toxicity increased from phenol to dichlorophenol, the toxicities of di‐, tri‐, tetra‐ and pentachlorophenol were almost the same. QSAR study shows that log P ow gives the best correlation, even in the C. vulgaris assay, by the use of the square of log P ow . Therefore, the growth inhibition of these algae caused by chlorophenols is mostly influenced by lipophilicity, as is stated frequently in toxicity studies using aquatic animals.