Premium
Fate of dyes in aquatic systems: I. Solubility and partitioning of some hydrophobic dyes and related compounds
Author(s) -
Baughman George L.,
Perenich Theresa A.
Publication year - 1988
Publication title -
environmental toxicology and chemistry
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.1
H-Index - 171
eISSN - 1552-8618
pISSN - 0730-7268
DOI - 10.1002/etc.5620070302
Subject(s) - solubility , vapor pressure , chemistry , partition coefficient , octanol , compressed fluid , solubility equilibrium , substituent , lipophilicity , environmental chemistry , organic chemistry , thermodynamics , physics
Solubilities and vapor pressures from the literature are combined with calculated octanol/water partition coefficients, K ow , to assess the expected environmental behavior of about 50 dyes. Most of the older disperse dyes (those that have been in use for decades) have solubilities on the order of 10 −7 to 10 −6 m. This solubility suggests the potential for a 30‐ to 150‐fold concentration enhancement in sediments and bioconcentration of about 1,000 times in the absence of metabolism. The data also indicate that solubilities computed from K ow (estimated by the substituent method) may be significantly overestimated and that the product of subcooled liquid solubility and estimated K ow for disperse dyes is 10 to 100 times smaller than reported for most other compounds. Henry's law constants calculated from solubility and vapor pressure show that the disperse and vat dyes will be entirely gas‐phase‐controlled in their rate of volatilization from water and that this process will be extremely slow. No definitive conclusions can be drawn about the behavior of more recently developed disperse dyes. The available physical constants are compiled along with structures, Color Index number, CAS number and names for 80 compounds.