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Toxicity of fluridone to aquatic invertebrates and fish
Author(s) -
Hamelink Jerry L.,
Buckler Denny R.,
Mayer Foster L.,
Palawski Donald U.,
Sanders Herman O.
Publication year - 1986
Publication title -
environmental toxicology and chemistry
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.1
H-Index - 171
eISSN - 1552-8618
pISSN - 0730-7268
DOI - 10.1002/etc.5620050112
Subject(s) - fluridone , daphnia magna , ictalurus , minnow , zoology , pimephales promelas , biology , catfish , gammarus , hatching , toxicology , chemistry , toxicity , ecology , fishery , fish <actinopterygii> , amphipoda , crustacean , biochemistry , organic chemistry , abscisic acid , gene
The acute and chronic toxicities of the herbicide fluridone to aquatic invertebrates and fish were evaluated. The acute median lethal concentrations (LC50s) of fluridone were 4.3 ± 3.7 mg/L (x̄±SD) for invertebrates ( n = 15) and 10.4±3.9 mg/L for fish ( n = 28). In chronic studies, no effects were detected when daphnids ( Daphnia magna ) were continuously exposed to fluridone concentrations of 0.2 mg/L or less for 32 d, amphipods ( Gammarus pseudolimnaeus ) to 0.6 mg/L or less for 60 d or midge larvae ( Chironomus plumosus ) to 0.6 mg/L or less for 30 d. Fathead minnows ( Pimephales promelas ) were not affected by continuous exposure to fluridone concentrations of 0.48 mg/L or less over their life cycle. The growth and survival of channel catfish ( Ictalurus punctatus ) were not adversely affected by continuous exposure to fluridone concentrations of 0.5 mg/L or less for 60 d after hatching. The channel catfish accumulated fluridone concentrations two to nine times greater than that in the water. The recommended application rate of 1 lb/acre of fluridone to a pond with an average depth of 3 ft provides a theoretical concentration of 0.1 mg/L. Thus, an initial fluridone concentration of 0.1 mg/L or less is recommended to control weeds in ponds. Consequently, fluridone is not expected to have adverse effects on the species tested or on similar nontarget aquatic organisms.