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Sorption and toxicity of azo and triphenylmethane dyes to aquatic microbial populations
Author(s) -
Michaels Glenda B.,
Lewis David L.
Publication year - 1985
Publication title -
environmental toxicology and chemistry
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.1
H-Index - 171
eISSN - 1552-8618
pISSN - 0730-7268
DOI - 10.1002/etc.5620040107
Subject(s) - sorption , triphenylmethane , chemistry , toxicity , environmental chemistry , triarylmethane dye , chromatography , organic chemistry , adsorption
Toxicity and sorption of five azo and triphenylmethane dyes to freshwater microbiota were determined to assess, in part, the risks that these dyes may pose to the aquatic environment. The toxicities of Basic Violet 1, Basic Violet 2, Basic Violet 3, Basic Green 4 and Tropaeolin 0 were established by determining the percent survival of microbiota when dyes were incorporated into plating media. Basic Violet 3 was the most toxic, with a mean survival rate of 20.7 ± 6.57% at a dye concentration of 5.0 mg/L. Tropaeolin 0 was the least toxic, with a survival rate of 92.0 ± 9.57%. Survival increased with decreasing dye concentration. Sorption of the dyes to viable cells required from 8 to 24 h to reach equilibrium. Partition coefficients were higher for viable cells than for heat‐killed cells, suggesting that a metabolic process may be involved in sorption of these dyes or that autoclaving the cells reduces the organisms' cation exchange capacities.