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Biological methods for determining toxicity of contaminated freshwater sediments to invertebrates
Author(s) -
Nebeker Alan V.,
Cairns Michael A.,
Gakstatter Jack H.,
Malueg Kenneth W.,
Schuytema Gerald S.,
Krawczyk Daniel F.
Publication year - 1984
Publication title -
environmental toxicology and chemistry
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.1
H-Index - 171
eISSN - 1552-8618
pISSN - 0730-7268
DOI - 10.1002/etc.5620030412
Subject(s) - hyalella azteca , bioaccumulation , daphnia magna , chironomus , benthic zone , invertebrate , daphnia , biology , environmental chemistry , amphipoda , acute toxicity , gammarus , toxicity , ecology , crustacean , chironomidae , chemistry , larva , organic chemistry
Methods are presented for using Daphnia magna, Hyalella azteca, Gammarus lacustris, Chironomus tentans and Hexagenia limbata to screen freshwater sediments for acute and chronic toxicity, bioaccumulation potential and in situ toxicity. The 48‐h Daphnia tests are recommended as inexpensive, uncomplicated and sensitive acute methods. Hyalella and Chironomus are the recommended benthic test organisms, as they are easy to rear and test, they remain in intimate contact with the sediment and they exhibit high control survival. Verification studies (published elsewhere) evaluating the recommended methods and organisms are briefly summarized.