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Extended biotic ligand model for prediction of mixture toxicity of Cd and Pb using single metal toxicity data
Author(s) -
Jho Eun Hea,
An Jinsung,
Nam Kyoungphile
Publication year - 2011
Publication title -
environmental toxicology and chemistry
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.1
H-Index - 171
eISSN - 1552-8618
pISSN - 0730-7268
DOI - 10.1002/etc.556
Subject(s) - biotic ligand model , toxicity , chemistry , environmental chemistry , metal , competition (biology) , ecotoxicology , biology , ecology , organic chemistry
Abstract The combined toxic effects of Cd and Pb in the presence of different concentrations of Ca 2+ were predicted using the biotic ligand model (BLM), with the parameters derived from the Cd‐only and Pb‐only toxicity data. The BLM‐based toxic unit (TU) approach and the proposed BLM‐based f mix approach were used for prediction. The predicted mixture toxic effects using the BLM‐based f mix approach were closer to the observed mixture effects (root mean square error [RMSE] = 9.7 at 25 mM Ca 2+ ) than that using the BLM‐based TU approach (RMSE = 25.6 at 25 mM Ca 2+ ). This can be attributed to the fact that the BLM‐based TU approach only considers the competition between Ca 2+ and Cd or Pb, whereas the BLM‐based f mix approach considers both the competition between Cd and Pb and the competition between Ca 2+ and Cd or Pb for biotic ligand sites. In addition, the parameters derived from the Cd‐only and Pb‐only solutions in the presence of the background Ca 2+ concentration (0.025 mM) could be used to predict the mixture toxic effects at higher Ca 2+ concentrations. The BLM‐based f mix approach proposed in the current study suggests a new way of predicting the Cd–Pb mixture toxicity from the single metal toxicity data by adopting the f mix values. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2011; 30:1697–1703. © 2011 SETAC