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EROD activity in peripheral blood lymphocytes and 1‐hydroxypyrene in urine and milk as biomarkers of PAH exposure in dairy ruminants
Author(s) -
Guiavarc'h Yann P.,
Chahin Abir,
Dziurla MarieAntoinette,
Yen Frances T.,
Jondreville Catherine,
Rychen Guido
Publication year - 2011
Publication title -
environmental toxicology and chemistry
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.1
H-Index - 171
eISSN - 1552-8618
pISSN - 0730-7268
DOI - 10.1002/etc.507
Subject(s) - urine , pyrene , chemistry , biomarker , biomonitoring , excretion , food science , chromatography , toxicology , zoology , physiology , environmental chemistry , biochemistry , biology , organic chemistry
Abstract Presently, few biomarker‐based approaches are available for the evaluation of environmental exposure to persistent organic pollutants in dairy ruminants. In this study, goats ( Capra hircus ) were orally administered a mixture of pyrene, phenanthrene, and benzo[ a ]pyrene daily over a 40‐d period (1 or 50 mg/d). Milk and urine 1‐hydroxypyrene levels, ethoxyresorufin‐ O ‐deethylase (EROD) activity in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) as well as urinary levels of 2‐ and 3‐hydroxyphenanthrene were determined at 10‐d intervals. 1‐Hydroxypyrene excretion in milk and urine significantly increased and then achieved a plateau at 10 d. Transfer rates of 1‐hydroxypyrene were calculated to be approximately 0.5 and 25% in milk and urine, respectively. Concentrations in milk and urine were proportional to the ingested doses. These results demonstrate that 1‐hydroxypyrene in milk or urine may be used as a biomarker for evaluating the exposure of dairy ruminants to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) over an extended exposure period. Constitutive EROD activity in lymphocytes was 0.5 ± 0.3 pmol resorufin/min/mg protein, and was significantly induced over the entire exposure time, before stabilizing after 40 d at 6.30 ± 1.3 and 18.89 ± 1.12 pmol resorufin/min/mg protein for 1 mg/d and 50 mg/d doses, respectively. Induction kinetics were calculated using a logistic‐like model and approximate dose–response curves were designed. We therefore propose EROD activity in PBL as a relevant, convenient, and noninvasive biomarker of subchronic exposure of dairy ruminants to CYP450 inducing PAH. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2011; 30:1346–1353. © 2011 SETAC