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Effects of aging and mixed nonaqueous‐phase liquid sources in soil systems on earthworm bioaccumulation, microbial degradation, sequestration, and aqueous desorption of pyrene
Author(s) -
Petersen Elijah J.,
Tang Jixin,
Weber Walter J.
Publication year - 2011
Publication title -
environmental toxicology and chemistry
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.1
H-Index - 171
eISSN - 1552-8618
pISSN - 0730-7268
DOI - 10.1002/etc.470
Subject(s) - pyrene , chemistry , environmental chemistry , hexadecane , bioaccumulation , biodegradation , soil water , toluene , desorption , earthworm , rhamnolipid , chromatography , organic chemistry , adsorption , ecology , genetics , bacteria , pseudomonas aeruginosa , biology
The effects of loading and aging pyrene in soils in the presence of four environmentally common nonaqueous‐phase liquids (NAPLs) (hexadecane, 2,2,4,4,6,8,8‐heptamethylnonane [HMN], toluene, and dimethyl phthalate [DMP]) on its subsequent desorption from those soils, earthworm accumulation, biodegradation, and extractability were tested by using two dissimilar soils. The presence of each of the four NAPLs increased fractions and rates of pyrene desorption, and hexadecane slowed the effects of aging on these same parameters. Loading with hexadecane and HMN caused earthworm accumulation of pyrene to decrease. These results contrast with generally observed faster desorption rates resulting from NAPL addition, suggesting that additional factors (e.g., association of pyrene with NAPL phases and NAPL toxicities to earthworms) may impact bioaccumulation. The presence of HMN and toluene increased pyrene biodegradation, whereas hexadecane and DMP had the opposite effects. These results correlate with changes in the extractability of pyrene from the soils. After aging and biodegradation, hexadecane and DMP substantially increased pyrene residues extractable by methanol and decreased nonextractable fractions, whereas HMN and toluene had the opposite effects. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2011; 30:988–996. © 2010 SETAC