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Assessing the Impacts of Methoxychlor Exposure on the Viability, Reproduction, and Locomotor Behavior of the Seminole Ramshorn Snail ( Planorbella duryi )
Author(s) -
Frankel Tyler E.,
Bohan Meredith E.,
Frankel Jack S.
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
environmental toxicology and chemistry
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.1
H-Index - 171
eISSN - 1552-8618
pISSN - 0730-7268
DOI - 10.1002/etc.4613
Subject(s) - methoxychlor , ecotoxicology , reproduction , biology , toxicology , aquatic toxicology , ecology , invertebrate , zoology , toxicity , pesticide , chemistry , organic chemistry
In the present study, the effects of short‐term methoxychlor exposure on the viability, reproduction, and locomotor behavior of adult seminole ramshorn snails ( Planorbella duryi ) was assessed. To examine impacts on viability and behavior, individuals were exposed to a water control, vehicle control, or 12.5, 50, 100, 250, 500, or 1000 μg/L of methoxychlor for 48 h; and differences in mortality and locomotor behavior assessed using the freely available ToxTrac software. To determine impacts on reproduction, pairs of snails were exposed to a vehicle control and 12.5, 25, 50, 100, and 250 μg/L of methoxychlor for 9 d; and the number of clutches and eggs laid quantified every 24 h. Methoxychlor concentrations in treatments were determined using gas chromatography. Complete mortality was observed in the 500 μg/L and 1000 μg/L treatments after 48 h and in the 250 μg/L treatment after 9 d. Decreases in the number of egg clutches were observed in all treatments, and the number of eggs laid decreased starting in the 25 μg/L treatment. Decreases in average speed, mobile speed, and total distance traveled, as well as a significant increase in frozen events, were also observed. Our results suggest that methoxychlor exposure causes detrimental effects on several nonlethal endpoints in a nonmodel aquatic invertebrate species and that the analysis of locomotor behaviors serves as a reliable, sensitive endpoint for ecotoxicology testing. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;39:220–228. © 2019 SETAC