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Evaluation of inflammatory effects of airborne endotoxin emitted from composting sources
Author(s) -
Liu Jian,
Pankhurst Louise J.,
Deacon Lewis J.,
Abate Wondwossen,
Hayes Enda T.,
Drew Gill H.,
Longhurst Phil J.,
Pollard Simon,
Longhurst James,
Tyrrel Sean F.,
Jackson Simon K.
Publication year - 2011
Publication title -
environmental toxicology and chemistry
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.1
H-Index - 171
eISSN - 1552-8618
pISSN - 0730-7268
DOI - 10.1002/etc.434
Subject(s) - bioaerosol , lipopolysaccharide , proinflammatory cytokine , cytokine , microbiology and biotechnology , polymyxin b , limulus amebocyte lysate , inflammatory response , interleukin , indoor bioaerosol , chemistry , immunology , environmental chemistry , biology , inflammation , aerosol , organic chemistry , antibiotics
Abstract Because of the lack of effective methodology, the biological effects of environmental endotoxin have not been assessed. Here we have collected and measured airborne endotoxin at different locations around composting sites. Increased endotoxin concentrations were observed close to composting activities and also at nearby boundary areas. Analysis of proinflammatory effects of the environmental endotoxin on interleukin (IL)‐8 and IL‐6 release from human D562 pharyngeal epithelial and MM6 monocytic cell cultures showed an association between endotoxin level and cytokine induction. The cytokine‐inducing effect of bioaerosol extracts was inhibited by polymyxin B, indicating that endotoxin was the cause of cytokine responses we found. The environmental endotoxin was also more active for stimulating cytokines in airway epithelial cells than commercially purified Escherichia coli endotoxin. Our results suggest that these in vitro inflammatory cell models may contribute to the assessment of health impacts of environmental endotoxin. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2011; 30:602–606. © 2011 SETAC