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Chronic exposure of a freshwater mussel to elevated p CO 2 : Effects on the control of biomineralization and ion‐regulatory responses
Author(s) -
Jeffrey Jennifer D.,
Hannan Kelly D.,
Hasler Caleb T.,
Suski Cory D.
Publication year - 2018
Publication title -
environmental toxicology and chemistry
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.1
H-Index - 171
eISSN - 1552-8618
pISSN - 0730-7268
DOI - 10.1002/etc.3991
Subject(s) - biomineralization , carbonic anhydrase , ocean acidification , mussel , chemistry , environmental chemistry , carbon dioxide , carbonic acid , biology , biophysics , biochemistry , ecology , enzyme , seawater , paleontology
Freshwater mussels may be exposed to elevations in mean partial pressure of carbon dioxide ( p CO 2 ) caused by both natural and anthropogenic factors. The goal of the present study was to assess the effects of a 28‐d elevation in p CO 2 at 15 000 and 50 000 μatm on processes associated with biomineralization, ion regulation, and cellular stress in adult Lampsilis siliquoidea (Barnes, 1823). In addition, the capacity for mussels to compensate for acid‐base disturbances experienced after exposure to elevated p CO 2 was assessed over a 14‐d recovery period. Overall, exposure to 50 000 μatm p CO 2 had more pronounced physiological consequences compared with 15 000 μatm p CO 2 . Over the first 7 d of exposure to 50 000 μatm p CO 2 , the mRNA abundance of chitin synthase ( cs ), calmodulin ( cam ), and calmodulin‐like protein ( calp ) were significantly affected, suggesting that shell formation and integrity may be altered during p CO 2 exposure. After the removal of the p CO 2 treatment, mussels may compensate for the acid‐base and ion disturbances experienced during p CO 2 exposure, and transcript levels of some regulators of biomineralization (carbonic anhydrase [ ca ], cs , cam , calp ) as well as ion regulation (na + ‐k + ‐ATPase [ nka ]) were modulated. Effects of elevated p CO 2 on heat shock protein 70 ( hsp70 ) were limited in the present study. Overall, adult L. siliquoidea appeared to regulate factors associated with the control of biomineralization and ion regulation during and/or after the removal of p CO 2 exposure. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018;37:538–550. © 2017 SETAC