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Bioswales reduce contaminants associated with toxicity in urban storm water
Author(s) -
Anderson Brian S.,
Phillips Bryn M.,
Voorhees Jennifer P.,
Siegler Katie,
Tjeerdema Ronald
Publication year - 2016
Publication title -
environmental toxicology and chemistry
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.1
H-Index - 171
eISSN - 1552-8618
pISSN - 0730-7268
DOI - 10.1002/etc.3472
Subject(s) - ceriodaphnia dubia , hyalella azteca , environmental science , environmental chemistry , contamination , surface runoff , pesticide , stormwater , fipronil , toxicity , surface water , acute toxicity , environmental engineering , chemistry , ecology , biology , organic chemistry , crustacean , amphipoda
Contamination and toxicity associated with urban storm water runoff are a growing concern because of the potential impacts on receiving systems. California water regulators are mandating implementation of green infrastructure as part of new urban development projects to treat storm water and increase infiltration. Parking lot bioswales are low impact development practices that promote filtering of runoff through plants and soil. Studies have demonstrated that bioswales reduce concentrations of suspended sediments, metals, and hydrocarbons. There have been no published studies evaluating how well these structures treat current‐use pesticides, and studies have largely ignored whether bioswales reduce toxicity in surface water. Three storms were monitored at 3 commercial and residential sites, and reductions of contaminants and associated toxicity were quantified. Toxicity testing showed that the majority of untreated storm water samples were toxic to amphipods ( Hyalella azteca ) and midges ( Chironomus dilutus ), and toxicity was reduced by the bioswales. No samples were toxic to daphnids ( Ceriodaphnia dubia ) or fish ( Pimephales promelas ). Contaminants were significantly reduced by the bioswales, including suspended solids (81% reduction), metals (81% reduction), hydrocarbons (82% reduction), and pyrethroid pesticides (74% reduction). The single exception was the phenypyrazole pesticide fipronil, which showed inconsistent treatment. The results demonstrate these systems effectively treat contaminated storm water associated with surface water toxicity but suggest that modifications of their construction may be required to treat some contaminant classes. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:3124–3134. © 2016 SETAC