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Toxicity assessment of diesel‐ and metal‐contaminated soils through elutriate and solid phase assays with the slime mold Dictyostelium discoideum
Author(s) -
RodríguezRuiz Amaia,
Dondero Francesco,
Viarengo Aldo,
Marigómez Ionan
Publication year - 2016
Publication title -
environmental toxicology and chemistry
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.1
H-Index - 171
eISSN - 1552-8618
pISSN - 0730-7268
DOI - 10.1002/etc.3276
Subject(s) - bioassay , dictyostelium discoideum , toxicity , soil water , environmental chemistry , contamination , ecotoxicology , bioremediation , slime mold , soil contamination , biology , metal toxicity , microorganism , chemistry , botany , ecology , heavy metals , bacteria , biochemistry , organic chemistry , gene , genetics
A suite of organisms from different taxonomical and ecological positions is needed to assess environmentally relevant soil toxicity. A new bioassay based on Dictyostelium is presented that is aimed at integrating slime molds into such a testing framework. Toxicity tests on elutriates and the solid phase developmental cycle assay were successfully applied to a soil spiked with a mixture of Zn, Cd, and diesel fuel freshly prepared (recently contaminated) and after 2 yr of aging. The elutriates of both soils provoked toxic effects, but toxicity was markedly lower in the aged soil. In the D. discoideum developmental cycle assay, both soils affected amoeba viability and aggregation, with fewer multicellular units, smaller fruiting bodies and, overall, inhibition of fruiting body formation. This assay is quick and requires small amounts of test soil, which might facilitate its incorporation into a multispecies multiple‐endpoint toxicity bioassay battery suitable for environmental risk assessment in soils. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:1413–1421. © 2015 SETAC