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Biotic ligand modeling approach: Synthesis of the effect of major cations on the toxicity of metals to soil and aquatic organisms
Author(s) -
Ardestani Masoud M.,
van Straalen Nico M.,
van Gestel Cornelis A. M.
Publication year - 2015
Publication title -
environmental toxicology and chemistry
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.1
H-Index - 171
eISSN - 1552-8618
pISSN - 0730-7268
DOI - 10.1002/etc.3060
Subject(s) - biotic ligand model , environmental chemistry , bioaccumulation , metal toxicity , toxicity , metal , dissolved organic carbon , chemistry , aquatic ecosystem , metal ions in aqueous solution , ligand (biochemistry) , heavy metals , biochemistry , organic chemistry , receptor
The biotic ligand model (BLM) approach is used to assess metal toxicity, taking into account the competition of other cations with the free metal ions for binding to the biotic ligand sites of aquatic and soil organisms. The bioavailable fraction of metals, represented by the free metal ion, is a better measure than the total concentration for assessing their potential risk to the environment. Because BLMs are relating toxicity to the fraction of biotic ligands occupied by the metal, they can be useful for investigating factors affecting metal bioaccumulation and toxicity. In the present review, the effects of major cations on the toxicity of metals to soil and aquatic organisms were comprehensively studied by performing a meta‐analysis of BLM literature data. Interactions at the binding sites were shown to be species‐ and metal‐specific. The main factors affecting the relationships between toxicity and conditional binding constants for metal binding at the biotic ligand appeared to be Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , and protons. Other important characteristics of the exposure medium, such as levels of dissolved organic carbon and concentrations of other cations, should also be considered to obtain a proper assessment of metal toxicity to soil and aquatic organisms. Environ Toxicol Chem 2015;34:2194–2204. © 2015 SETAC