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Ecotoxicity of bare and coated silver nanoparticles in the aquatic midge, Chironomus riparius
Author(s) -
Park SunYoung,
Chung Jiwoong,
Colman Benjamin P.,
Matson Cole W.,
Kim Younghun,
Lee ByungCheon,
Kim PhilJe,
Choi Kyunghee,
Choi Jinhee
Publication year - 2015
Publication title -
environmental toxicology and chemistry
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.1
H-Index - 171
eISSN - 1552-8618
pISSN - 0730-7268
DOI - 10.1002/etc.3019
Subject(s) - chironomus riparius , ecotoxicity , silver nanoparticle , environmental chemistry , daphnia magna , chemistry , aquatic toxicology , sediment , ecotoxicology , toxicity , nanoparticle , materials science , biology , ecology , nanotechnology , chironomidae , organic chemistry , paleontology , larva
Although sediment is generally considered to be the major sink for nanomaterials in aquatic environments, few studies have addressed the ecotoxicity of nanomaterials in the presence of sediment. In the present study, the ecotoxicity of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) with a range of organic coatings was examined in a freshwater sediment‐dwelling organism, Chironomus riparius , using acute and chronic ecotoxicity endpoints, including molecular indicators. The toxicity of AgNPs coated with different organic materials, such as polyvinylpyrrolidone, gum arabic, and citrate, to C. riparius was compared with that of bare‐AgNPs and AgNO 3 (ionic silver). Total silver concentration was also measured to monitor the behavior of the AgNPs in water and sediment and to determine how ion dissolution affects the toxicity of all AgNPs. The coated‐ and bare‐AgNPs caused DNA damage and oxidative stress‐related gene expression. In addition, the bare‐AgNPs and AgNO 3 had a significant effect on development and reproduction. The surface coatings generally mitigated the toxicity of AgNPs to C. riparius , which can be explained by the reduced number of ions released from coated‐AgNPs. Citrate‐AgNPs caused the most significant alteration at the molecular level, but this did not translate to higher‐level effects. Finally, comparing previously conducted studies on AgNP‐induced gene expression without sediments, the authors show that the presence of sediment appears to mitigate the toxicity of AgNPs. Environ Toxicol Chem 2015;34:2023–2032. © 2015 SETAC