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Fullerene‐associated phenanthrene contributes to bioaccumulation but is not toxic to fish
Author(s) -
Hu Xialin,
Li Jing,
Shen Mohai,
Yin Daqiang
Publication year - 2015
Publication title -
environmental toxicology and chemistry
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.1
H-Index - 171
eISSN - 1552-8618
pISSN - 0730-7268
DOI - 10.1002/etc.2876
Subject(s) - bioaccumulation , phenanthrene , chemistry , cyprinus , bioavailability , environmental chemistry , toxicity , carp , aqueous solution , ingestion , fish <actinopterygii> , biochemistry , biology , fishery , pharmacology , organic chemistry
The present study investigated the effects of aqueous fullerene suspensions ( n C 60 ) on the bioavailability and toxicity of phenanthrene (Phe) to junior carp ( Cyprinus carpio ). Bioaccumulation factors (BAFs) were calculated based on total as well as free concentrations of Phe. Equal BAF values were obtained with and without n C 60 based on the total concentrations, whereas greater BAFs were found in the presence of n C 60 when free Phe concentrations were applied. The results demonstrated that n C 60 could act as a contaminant carrier to facilitate Phe bioaccumulation. The concentration–response relationship of induced hepatic 7‐ethoxysorufin‐O‐deethylase activity was established in regard to the total and free concentrations of aqueous Phe solutions as well as the body residues. The concentration‐response curves were reliant on the n C 60 concentration when the total concentration of Phe was employed as a variable but were independent of n C 60 presence when free concentration or body residue was employed as a variable, implying that the latter 2 parameters were more accurate in evaluating biological effects. Particles of C 60 were mostly distributed in fish liver and intestines, which indicated the primary routine of uptake was through ingestion. Approximately 22% to 100% of the Phe– n C 60 complex contributed to the bioaccumulation, whereas the complex did not contribute to the toxicity. Environ Toxicol Chem 2015;34:1023–1030. © 2015 SETAC